![]() It is a number between 1 (for beta, gamma and X-ray) and 20 (for alpha or high-energy neutrons) used to calculate the equivalent dose of an organ when the absorbed dose in that organ is known. Takes into account the biological effect of each type of radiation on the human body. This effect is preponderant at low incident photon energies. When the interaction between a photon and an atom results in total absorption of the photon and the emission of an electron from the atom. Generally, an appointed U of T professor who is in charge of an X-ray source situated on U of T controlled areas. Radiation with sufficient energy to create ions. SI unit of absorbed dose is called Gray (Gy). SI unit: C/kg.Ī design in which any failure of safety indicators or components that can reasonably be anticipated causes the production or emission of X-ray to cease.Ī process using filters made from metal to improve the quality of the image obtained with the x-ray machine.īiological effects from ionizing radiation exposure that are inherited by children from their parents. The effective dose has the same units of measure as the equivalent dose (Sv).Ī measure of X-ray intensity in terms of its ionizing effect in air. Each organ contributes with a tissue-weighting factor. ![]() SI unit: Sievert (Sv).Ī measurement of the whole body dose based on the summation of the equivalent dose received by all organs. It is a function of the absorbed dose and depends on the type of radiation absorbed. Typically the radiation energies associated with X-rays are in order of magnitude of tens thousands of eV: 40-80 keV.Ī measurement of the biological effects on a tissue or organ exposed to a specific type of radiation. One electron volt is 1 eV = 1.6 * 10 -19 J. ![]() ![]() It is a unit of energy defined as the energy of an electron that has been accelerated through an electric potential of one volt. lithium fluoride ), which record the exposure to ionizing radiation. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) are composed of thermoluminescent material chips (i.e. Personal dosimeters (or radiation badges) are worn at chest or waist levels to record whole-body exposure, or on a finger to record the extremity exposure. It is the dose received per unit of time (e.g.: gray per hour Gy/h, sievert per year Sv/year)Ī device used to record the dose received by an X-ray user. This process of emission of X-rays is “characteristic” of the target atomĭose see Absorbed, Equivalent, or Effective Dose X-rays can be created when electrons re-arrange inside of an atom, resulting in a loss of energy of the atom in the form of X-rays. The creation of X-rays during the slowing down of an electron (or any other charged particle) moving in the strong electric field (e.g.: nucleus field of an atom) this process of X-ray production is called bremsstrahlung from the German phrase “braking radiation” Background radiation does not refer to occupational exposure or sources from medical uses but includes consumer products. Natural radiation resulting from cosmic and terrestrial sources. The sum of the initial kinetic energies per unit mass of all the charged particles liberated by uncharged ionizing radiation in air. The quantity of radiation energy absorbed in a unit of mass of material. The radiation exposure to every person should be kept ALARA, taking into account social and economic factors X-ray Termination and Disposal of X-ray MachinesĪn acronym for As Low As Reasonably Achievable. Registration of X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) SourcesĪccident/Incident Reporting & Emergency Response Registration of X-ray Sources for use on Humans Registering Mobile, Cabinet and Open-beam X-ray Sources Radiation Protection Officer (RPO) for Irradiation of Humans University of Toronto Radiation Protection Authority (UTRPA) Units of Measuring X-ray Energy Absorbed in Matter University of Toronto X-Ray Safety Policy Print (PDF) Table of Contents Table of Contents
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